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Medical Photonics / Semester information / Winter term 2018/2019 / 1st semester / Module A1.4 - Human Biology I

Module A1.4 - Human Biology I

Coordinator

Prof. Dr. Christoph Biskup

Lecturers

  • Biomolecular Photonics Group: Prof. Dr. Christoph Biskup, PD. Dr. Christian Melle
  • Institute of Physiology I: Prof. Dr. Hans-Georg Schaible, PD Dr. Andrea Ebersberger
  • Experimental Nephrology Group: Prof. Dr. Ralf Mrowka
  • Single Molecule Microscopy Group: Dr. Hendrik Sielaff

Schedule

  • Monday + Tuesday + Friday 10.15-11.45 a.m.
    (Lecture hall of the former Institute of Human Genetics)

Contents

Week Lecturer Subject and content Download
Week 1
Monday
15.10.2018		 Biskup

Introduction into Human Biology

  • history
  • principles
  • aims of this module, how to survive this module

Introduction into medical terminology

 

 

 
Tuesday 
16.10.2018		 Biskup

Organization of the cell

  • cell morphology
  • physical structure of the cell
  • functional organization of the cell: cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus
Friday 
19.10.2018		 Biskup

Morphology and classification of tissues

  • epithelial tissue
  • connective tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • nervous tissue
Week 2
Monday
22.10.2018		 Biskup

The integumentary sytem

  • Cutaneous membranes: epidermis, dermis
  • Accessory structures: Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nail

Microscopic anatomy

  • Introduction to microscopy
  • Handling of the microscopes used in the course
  • The virtual microscope of the Dept. of Anatomy
  • Processing and staining of microscopic samples

 

 
Tuesday 
23.10.2018		 Biskup

Biomolecules I

  • Lipids
  • Sugars

See the Precourse for Chemistry for more details.
Friday 
26.10.2018 		 Biskup 

Practical course in microscopy

Meeting point: In front of the Institute of Anatomy, Teichgraben 7. Please, be on time (10.15 a.m.)
  • see the lecture of Monday (Oct 22nd) for slides and review questions 
Week 3
Monday
29.10.2018		 Biskup

Biomolecules II

  • proteinogenic amino acids
  • properties of amino acids
  • "nonstandard" amino acids
  • protein folding and protein structure
Tuesday 
30.10.2018		 Biskup

Biomolecules III

  • nucleic acids, nucleotides, DNA
  • forces stabilizing the nucleic acid structure
  • DNA replication
Friday 
02.11.2018		 Melle Chromosome structure
Week 4
Monday
05.11.2018		 Melle DNA replication
Tuesday 
06.11.2018		 Melle

Cell cycle, cell reproduction

  • cell growth, cell differentiation
  • cell cycle
  • cell reproduction
  • apoptosis
Friday 
09.11.2018		 Melle Mitosis, meiosis, recombination
Week 5
Monday
12.11.2018		 Melle

Transcription & translation

  • transcription
  • translation
  • regulation of gene expression
Tuesday 
13.11.2018		 Melle DNA damage
  • DNA damage signalling
  • DNA repair
Friday 
16.11.2018		 Biskup Midterm Mock Exam
Week 6
Monday
19.11.2018		 Mrowka Molecular cloning I 
  • recombinant DNA technology
  • chromatographic separations, electrophoresis
 Tuesday 
20.11.2018		 Mrowka

Molecular cloning II

  
Friday 
23.11.2018		 Sielaff /
Biskup

Thermodynamic principles

  • application of the laws of thermodynamics to biochemistry
  • Gibbs free energy, chemical equilibria
  • enzyme kinetics
  
Week 7
Monday
26.11.2018

 Sielaff /
Biskup

Enzymes, enzyme kinetics

  • classification of enzymes
  • coenzymes
  • enzyme kinetics, regulation of enzymatic activity
Tuesday 
27.11.2018		 Sielaff

Metabolism I

  • glycolysis
  • glykogen metabolism
  
Friday 
30.11.2018		 Sielaff

Metabolism II

  • citric acid cycle
Week 8
Monday
03.12.2018		 Sielaff 

Metabolism III

  • oxidative phosphorylation
Tuesday 
04.12.2018		  Mrowka

Signal transduction I

  • principles
  • G-proteins
  • GPCRs
  • adenylate cyclase
  • phosphodiesterases
Friday 
07.12.2018		  Mrowka

Signal transduction II

  • Tyrosine kinase based signalling
  
 Week 9
Monday
10.12.2018		  Mrowka

Signal transduction III

  • Phosphoinositide based signalling
  
Tuesday 
11.12.2018		 Biskup Transport phenomena across membranes
  • diffusuion, dynamic equilibrium
  • osmosis
  • electrochemical diffusion
  • active and passive transport processes
 Friday 
14.12.2018		 Biskup

Electrical excitability

  • ion channels, ion pumps
  • the resting membrane potential
  • action potentials of excitable tissues
Week 10
Monday
17.12.2018		  Biskup

Action potentials 

  • action potentials of excitable tissues
Tuesday 
18.12.2018

 Ebersberger

Physiology of neurons

  • microscopic anatomy of the neuron
  • conduction
Friday 
21.12.2018		  Ebersberger

Synaptic transmission, the neuromuscular junction 

  • structure of electrical and chemical synapses
  • transmitters
   

Christmas holidays

 
 Week 11
Monday
07.01.2019		 Ebersberger

Cellular physiology of the skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle

  • excitation and contraction of the skeletal muscle (neuromuscular transmission, excitation-contraction coupling)
  • excitation and contraction of the cardiac muscle
  • excitation and contraction of the smooth muscle
Tuesday 
08.01.2019		 Biskup

Macroscopic anatomy I

  • overview
  • bones and bone structure
  • the axial skeleton
Friday 
11.01.2019		 Biskup

Macroscopic anatomy II

  • the apendicular skeleton
  • the joints
Week 12
Monday
14.01.2019		  Biskup

Macroscopic anatomy III

  • muscles
  • the inner organs
Tuesday 
15.01.2019		  Schaible

Organization of the nervous system

  • general design of the nervous system
  • major levels of CNS function
Friday 
18.01.2019		 Schaible

Autonomic nervous system

  • physiologic anatomy of the symathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
  • autonomic reflexes
  • pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system
  
Week 13
Monday
21.01.2019		 Biskup

Cardiac physiology I

  • introducrtion to the cardiovascular system
  • anatomy of the heart
  • the action potential of the working myocardium
Tuesday 
22.01.2019		 Biskup

Cardiac physiology II

  • the excitatory and conductive system of the heart
  • regulation of the cardiac activity by the autonomous nervous system
  • Slides and review questions see lecture 13A
Friday 
25.01.2019		 Biskup

Cardiac physiology III

  • cardiac mechanics
  • work diagram of the heart
Week 14
Monday
28.01.2019		 Biskup

Cardiac physiology IV

  • the excitatory and conductive system of the heart
  • the normal electrocardiogram
  • cardiac arrhythmias
Tuesday 
29.01.2019		 Biskup

Cardiovascular system I

  • microanatomy and physiology of the arterial system, the capillaries and the venous system
  • macroscopic anatomy of the arterial system and the venous system
 Friday 
01.02.2019		 Biskup

Cardiovascular system II

  • physical principles
  • local control of blood flow
  • regulation of arterial pressure
  • regulation of extracellular fluid volume
 Week 15
Monday
04.02.2019		 Biskup

Respiratory system I

  • anatomy of the respiratory system
  • mechanics of pulmonary ventilation
  • physical principles of gas exchange
Tuesday 
05.02.2019		 Biskup

Respiratory system II

  • transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
  • regulation of respiration
  • high-altitude physiology, physiology of deep-sea diving
Friday
08.02.2019		 Biskup

Respiratory system + cardiovascular system

  • regulation of respiration
  • regulation of local and systemic blood flow
  
Monday
25.02.2019		 Biskup

Questions and Answers

  
Thursday
28.02.2019		 Biskup

Exam

Time: 10.00 a.m - 12.00 am.

Location: Big lecture hall of the theo-retical institutes. The lecture hall can be accessed from the same courtyard as the lecture hall of the former Institute of Human Genetics. If you have difficulties in finding it, wait in front of the lecture hall of the former Institute of Human Genetics.  

Requirements to complete the module:

  • Written exam at the end of the semester.
  • Training questions for the exam can be found here.

Recommended Textbooks

Anatomy & Physiology

Textbooks

  • Donald C. Rizzo
    Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 4th ed.
    Cengage Learning, Boston/MA 2015
    ISBN: 1285174150

    Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology is a good introductory text for students who have little or no previous knowledge of anatomy and physiology. However, it does not cover all topics taught in the course in depth.

  • Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
    Human Anatomy & Physiology, 10th ed.
    Perason Education, 2015
    ISBN: 1292096971

    Human Anatomy and Phyiology gives a good detailed introduction into the human anatomy and physiology. It is basic enough for beginners, but covers a wide range of topics at considerable depth. A good collection of graphics, figures and tables helps elucidating the necessary details of anatomy and physiology. However, many molecular mechanism discussed in the lectures are not covered in this book.

  • Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
    Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th ed.
    Pearson Education, 2018
    ISBN: 1292229861 (Paperback)
    Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology gives a good introduction into the human anatomy and physiology. Many excellent figures and tables help to elucidate the subjects discussed in the text. However, it does not cover all topics taught in the course in depth. Especially many important molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms are not discussed. 

Histology

Textbooks & Atlas

  • Anthony L. Mescher
    Junqueira's Basic Histology - Text & Atlas, 15th ed.
    Mc Graw Hill Education, New York 2018
    ISBN: 978-1-260-02617-7

    Junqueira's Basic Histology offers concise yet thorough information on human tissue structure and function. An opening chapter reviews the histological techniques that allow understanding of cell and tissue structure. The two following chapters focus on the structural and functional organization of human cells. The next seven chapters cover the four basic tissues that make up our organs: epithelia, connective tissue (and its major sub-types), nervous tissue, and muscle. The remaining chapters explain the organization and functional significance of these tissues in each of the body's organ systems.
    A virtual microscope with over 150 slides of all human tissues and organs is available: http://medsci.indiana.edu/junqueira/virtual/junqueira.htm.

Physiology

Textbooks

  • Walter F. Boron, Emile L. Boulpaep:
    Medical Physiology, 3rd ed.
    Elsevier, Oxford 2016.

    Medical Physiology is a very comprehensive, very detailed book which covers also the molecular details in unparalleled depth. Complex concepts are presented in a clear, concise, and logically organized format, which facilitates understanding of the topics.  However, not all topics, especially in the field of neurophysiology are covered.
  • John E. Hall:
    Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13 th ed.
    Elsevier, Oxford 2015.

    Guyton and Hall's Textbook of Medical Physiology is the 'classical' textbook used by many students of medicine. The detailed text is complemented by illustrations that summarize key concepts in physiology and pathophysiology. Molecular mechanisms, however, are not covered in detail.
    A virtual microscope with over 150 slides of all human tissues and organs is available: http://medsci.indiana.edu/junqueira/virtual/junqueira.htm.


e-books available via the university library (ThuLB)

  • Nicholas Sperelakis:
    Cell Physiology Source Book, 4th ed.
    Elsevier 2011 (Link)
  • Armin Kurtz, Hans-Christian Pape, Stefan Silbernagl, Anja Bondke Persson, Bernhard Brenner 
    Physiologie, 7th ed (German)Thieme 2014 (Link)

Cell biology

Textbooks

  • Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, Chris A. Kaiser, Monty Krieger, Anthony Bretscher, Hidde Ploegh , Angelika Amon, Kelsey Martin: 
    Molecular Cell Biology, 8th edition, 
    W. H. Freeman, 2016.
  • Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter:
    Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Revised edition
    Taylor & Francis, 2014.

e-books available via the university library (ThuLB)

  • Wiesława Widłak:
    Molecular Biology - not only for bioinformaticians
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 8248
    Springer 2013 (Link).
  • Werner Buselmaier:
    Biologie für Mediziner, 13th ed. (German)
    Springer, Heidelberg 2015 (Link)

Useful Links

Additional resources for microscopic anatomy

On this website you can find links to additional ressources about microscopic anatomy and histologic techniques.

Tutorials about tissue processing and staining

"Leica Pathology Leaders" is a free scientific and educational resource. It offers information ranging from the basics of tissue processing to specific application know-how: Link

Virtual microscope slides

"Virtual microscopes" allow you to study microscopic specimens whenever and whereever you want to if you have access to the internet. The virtual microscope provides the tools to manipulate the specimen by moving it along the x- and y- axis and to change the magnification for a detailed study of the microscopic structures.

For students of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena a virtual microscope is available at this link. Use the login and password provided in the course.

Links to other virtual microscopes can be found below:

  • Histology Guide - The virtual histology laboratory: Link
  • Slides for Junqueira's Basic Histology: Link
  • Wayne State School of Medicine: Link